vrcanaries Chapter 242 National Day Special
Chapter 242 National Day Special
(Author: Happy 75th birthday to our motherland!)
The next day, September 10
Today is the 75th anniversary of the founding of our motherland, and I am not going anywhere.
On this day, Su Qiankun explained the history of China to everyone at home.
I originally thought that some people who knew this history would find it boring.
I didn’t expect that they listened more attentively than the students.
Su Qiankun pointed to the portrait of the great Chairman Mao hanging on the wall.
It was said in the introduction that Chairman Mao was the founder of the motherland, and when introducing him, the rare respect for him was revealed in his eyes.
Although I have never met him, I am deeply indebted to him.
This is the first national leader in the 5,000 years of Chinese history to shout "Long live the people."
If we were to say, his most proud work in life was "Four Crossings of the Chishui River"
Chishui refers to the Chishui River, a first-level tributary of the Yangtze River.
It is located at the junction of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. It originates from Dadongkou, Yudong Township, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, on the north side of Wumeng Mountain, and flows into the Yangtze River in Hejiang County, Sichuan Province.
Due to the weathering of the local Danxia landform rocks, during the rainy season from the Dragon Boat Festival to the Double Ninth Festival every year, mud and sand from both banks rush into the river, making the river water reddish when it is most turbid. After the Double Ninth Festival, the river water becomes clear and transparent again, and the Chishui River got its name from this.
In 1934, after the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, the main forces of the Central Red Army were concentrated in Ruijin, Yudu and other places in Jiangxi.
On October 1934, 10, the General Political Department required the Central Red Army to prepare to break through the enemy's blockade and engage in long-distance marches and battles.
The plan was to break through the siege of the Kuomintang army, go to western Hunan and Hubei to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Corps, and create a new Soviet area.
On the evening of October 10, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the main force of the Central Red Army and central agency personnel, totaling more than 10 people, and set out from Ruijin and other places.
On October 10, the Central Red Army assembled in the area north of the Yudu River and crossed the Yudu River from 16 ferry crossings the next day.
After the Kuomintang authorities realized the Central Red Army's intention to march into western Hunan and Hubei.
Four blockade lines were built in southern Jiangxi, the border between Hunan and Guangdong, southeastern Hunan, and the border between Hunan and Guangxi, and heavy troops were deployed to carry out interception and pursuit.
From October 10 to mid-November, the Central Red Army broke through three blockade lines in succession and entered the Xiaoshui and Xiangshui areas.
Chiang Kai-shek deployed a "pursuit and suppression" and blocking plan in an attempt to "annihilate the Red Army in the area east of the Xiangjiang River and Lishui River."
Faced with the enemy's heavy approach, Bo Gu and Li De ordered their troops to attack hard.
On November 11, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided that the Red Army would cross the Xiangjiang River between Quanzhou and Xing'an in Guangxi and break through the Kuomintang army's fourth blockade line.
On November 11, the Red Army's vanguard crossed the Xiangjiang River and took control of the crossing point.
The main force of the Red Army remained on the east bank of the Xiangjiang River and failed to cross the river.
The Kuomintang army used its superior forces to launch an attack, attempting to encircle and annihilate the Central Red Army on both sides of the Xiangjiang River.
The two sides fought fiercely for five days and nights.
At 12:1 on December 17, the central leadership and most of the Red Army crossed the Xiangjiang River and broke through the Kuomintang army's fourth blockade line.
Most of the 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army and the 18th Regiment of the Red Third Army, which were responsible for the covering mission, were killed.
After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the number of personnel of the Central Red Army and the central organs was sharply reduced from more than 8.6 at the start of the Long March to more than 3.
After the Xiangjiang Campaign, the Kuomintang army built a line of blockhouses in Hunan's Chengbu, Xinning, Tongdao, Suining, Wugang, Hongjiang and other areas, and concentrated heavy troops in an attempt to destroy the Central Red Army.
Bo Gu and Li De ignored the enemy situation and still insisted on the plan of going to western Hunan and Hubei to join the Red 2nd and Red 6th Corps.
At this time, if the Central Red Army did not change its original direction of advance, it would be in danger of destruction.
At this critical juncture, Chairman Mao suggested that the Central Red Army abandon the original plan and immediately move westward to Guizhou, where the Kuomintang army was relatively weak, to open up a new Soviet area.
On December 12, the leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Tongdao, Hunan. Most comrades agreed and supported the above-mentioned policy of shift proposed by Chairman Mao, but Li De and others refused to accept it.
On December 12, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting in Liping and passed a resolution to abandon the plan to join the Red 18nd and Red th Corps in northwestern Hunan and instead march towards northern Guizhou.
After the meeting, the Red Army advanced into northern Guizhou and successively captured seven county towns including Jinping.
From the evening of December 12 to the early morning of the next day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a Politburo meeting in Houchang and made the "Decision on the New Guidelines of Action after Crossing the River."
This decision proposed the strategic task of establishing a new base on the Sichuan-Guizhou border, first in the northern Guizhou region with Zunyi as the center, and then in southern Sichuan.
On January 1935, 1, the Central Red Army occupied Zunyi, an important city in northern Guizhou.
From January 1 to 15, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi, known in history as the Zunyi Conference.
This meeting criticized the mistakes made by the Central Committee’s “highest three-person group” in military leadership since the fifth anti-“encirclement and suppression” campaign.
Chairman Mao's leadership position in the Central Committee was re-established and the goal of crossing the Yangtze River to the north was set.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek sent 150 regiments with nearly 40 troops to encircle and suppress the Red Army.
At that time, the core troops of the Red Army were stationed in Zunyi, and the 1st, 5th, 9th and 3rd Red Army Corps were stationed in Tongzi, Suiyang, Yaxi and Tuanxi respectively, forming the basic line of defense to protect the Central Committee.
What they will face is
There were three divisions of Guizhou warlord Wang Jialie, eight divisions of Xue Yue in the south towards Guiyang, three divisions of Hunan Army in the east, two divisions of Shangguan Yunxiang in the north, plus ten brigades of Sichuan Army led by Liu Xiang, and six brigades of Sun Du in Yunnan in the west.
These troops surrounded and attacked from all directions, trying to strangle the Red Army here.
However, the warlords in various places had their own ulterior motives and were not united in their hearts.
The Four Crossings of the Chishui River thus began.
一渡赤水（1935年1月29日—1935年2月9日）
In order to escape the encirclement of the Kuomintang army, the Red Army marched northward all the way to Tucheng on the banks of the Chishui River. There, they were surrounded by the pursuing enemy troops, and the Battle of Tucheng began.
However, due to intelligence errors, the Central Red Army believed that Guo Xunqi's brigade consisted of four regiments with a strength of 4 to 6 troops, but in reality it consisted of six regiments with a strength of about 7 troops.
In addition, due to the gap in manpower and equipment, the Tucheng city could not be captured for a long time, and the enemy's reinforcements continued to arrive.
Chairman Mao acted decisively to temporarily suspend the plan to cross the Yangtze River to the north and instead command the main force of the Red Army to cross the Chishui River to the west.
The Red Army originally planned to capture Xuyong and then cross the Jinsha River to the north and cross the Yangtze River.
However, the Xuyong army was too powerful and could not be taken in a short period of time, so Chairman Mao turned to attack the Zaxi area in Yunnan and successfully took it.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek speculated that the Red Army would continue to cross the Yangtze River to the north, strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River, and continue to command warlords from all over the country to continue to encircle and suppress the Red Army in Zhaxi.
二渡赤水（1935年2月11日—3月1日）
On February 2, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission held an enlarged meeting in Zhaxi County, known as the Zhaxi Conference.
At the meeting, Chairman Mao put forward the strategic policy of "returning to the east, crossing the Chishui River again, and retaking Zunyi."
Opium smoking was rampant among the Guizhou Army, and most soldiers carried rifles and opium pipes, and were nicknamed "double-gun soldiers."
On February 2, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission ordered the troops to move to Xueshan Pass and the area to its west starting from the 10th, and prepare to take Xue Yue Corps and Guizhou Army as the main combat targets.
The next day, the Central Red Army divided into three columns: left, center and right, and began to march eastward. On February 2, all of them crossed the Chishui River for the second time.
Then, taking advantage of the lack of troops in northern Guizhou, the Red Army turned around and attacked Wang Jialie's troops directly.
This sudden counterattack caught the Qian army off guard.
Starting from February 2, the Red Army successively captured several strategic locations including Tongzi, Loushanguan and Zunyi within 24 days.
The Battle of Loushanguan was the first major victory of the Red Army since the Long March.
Chairman Mao was also inspired to write the famous poem "Remembering Qin E at Loushanguan" to commemorate this great victory.
After the Battle of Loushanguan, the First and Third Red Army Corps advanced at high speed and launched an attack on Zunyi on the afternoon of February 2. They occupied the new city of Zunyi at dusk that day, but failed to capture the old city of Zunyi.
That night, the 11th, 12th and 13th Red Army Regiments fought a night battle in the old city of Zunyi and occupied the city in the early morning of the 28th.
Kuomintang general Wu Qiwei led the 59th and 93rd Divisions of the Kuomintang Central Army to reinforce Zunyi, and Wang Jialie led the th Regiment of the Guizhou Army to respond. Both sides planned to retake Zunyi.
After learning of the Kuomintang army's plan, the Central Red Army decided to defeat Wu Qiwei and Wang Jialie's troops, and thus formulated a detailed annihilation plan.
Under the command of the established tactics, the reinforcements were defeated at 5 pm that day, and most of Wu Qiwei's troops were annihilated.
From February 2th when the Central Red Army led its troops eastward from Zhaxi to its return to Zunyi, it launched a mobile warfare with 11 troops, swept over 3 kilometers, defeated and annihilated two divisions and eight regiments of the Kuomintang army, killed and wounded more than 550 enemies, and captured more than 8 enemies.
The Third Crossing of the Chishui River (March 1935-3, 11)
On March 1935, 3, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Chongqing, appointed himself battlefield commander, and readjusted the deployment.
They surrounded the Central Red Army from all sides and attempted to annihilate it west of the Wujiang River and near the Sichuan-Guizhou Highway.
Most of the Red Army leadership believed that attacking Daguxinchang was the best breakthrough route.
But Chairman Mao alone held an opposing opinion, and he believed that we should attack Luban Field, which was composed of three divisions and eight regiments under Zhou Hunyuan's army.
On March 1935, 3, the Second Department of the Red Army Military Commission deciphered a telegram, which showed that Chiang Kai-shek predicted that the Red Army would attack Daguxinchang, the remnants of Wang Jialie, and sent a large number of troops to strengthen the local garrison.
Finally, the Red Army followed Chairman Mao's advice and attacked Luban Field again. However, despite the strong military force, they still failed to capture Luban Field.
This battle and related military operations of the Red Army prompted Chiang Kai-shek to mobilize his main forces to northwestern Guizhou.
On March 3, the Central Red Army occupied Maotai Town on the east bank of the Chishui River. Subsequently, the Central Red Army crossed the west bank of the Chishui River from the Maotai Ferry Floating Bridge, Zhushabao Floating Bridge and Guanyin Temple Ferry Floating Bridge as planned and moved to southern Sichuan.
四渡赤水（1935年3月20日—4月5日）
After crossing the Chishui River for the third time, the Second Department of the Military Commission once again seized secret reports, indicating that Chiang Kai-shek already knew the location of the Red Army, so he once again sent a large number of troops to encircle and suppress it.
Chairman Mao immediately made a decision to send a regiment of the Red 1st Army to march into Gulin County in a bluffing manner.
The real main force hid in the deep mountains beside the Chishui River, waiting for the opportunity to cross the Chishui River to the east.
Chiang Kai-shek judged that the Central Red Army's goal was to advance westward and then cross the Yangtze River to the north, so he ordered the Central Army and the Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou armies to quickly gather in the Gulin area in southern Sichuan, strengthen the defense of the Yangtze River and Hengjiang defense lines, and do their utmost to prevent the Central Red Army from crossing the Yangtze River to the north.
On March 3, the main force of the Red Army saw that the time was ripe and crossed the Chishui River for the fourth time.
On March 3, the 24th Red Army disguised itself as the main force of the Red Army and arrived at Liangcun, Xinglongchang and other places in Xishui to attract the attention of the Kuomintang army and cover the main force of the Central Red Army to break through the blockade line set up by the Kuomintang army in Zunyi and Renhuai.
The Red 9th Army created a lot of momentum and spread the news that the Red Army would capture Renhuai in order to confuse the enemy.
On the 25th, the main force of the Central Red Army quickly passed through the Zunren line. On the 27th, the th Red Army moved to Mazongling, and on the next day, it split into Changgan Mountain and Fengxiangba to continue to disguise the main force of the Central Red Army.
On March 3 and 30, except for the Red 31th Corps, the main forces of the Central Red Army had crossed the Wujiang River to the south.
After crossing the Wujiang River to the south, the Central Red Army opened up the prospect of advancing into Yunnan and crossing the Jinsha River to the north into Sichuan.
However, there were several brigades of Yunnan troops stationed on the Guizhou-Yunnan border, blocking the Central Red Army's advance northward.
Chairman Mao pointed out: As long as we can mobilize the Yunnan Army, we will win.
In order to achieve this strategic goal, the Central Red Army adopted the tactic of making a feint to the east and attacking in the west.
On April 4, the main force of the Central Red Army arrived at Gaozhai, Yangchang and Baiguoping areas on the west bank of the Qingshui River. With a small number of troops, they crossed the Qingshui River to the east and moved towards Pingyue (now Fuquan).
At the same time, a pontoon bridge was built across the Qingshui River to bluff the Red Army and pretend that it would march eastward to Hunan to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Corps; the main force of the Central Red Army advanced to Gouchang and Zazuo, and headed towards Guiyang.
On March 3, Chiang Kai-shek flew from Chongqing to Guiyang in person to supervise the battle.
Since most of the main forces of the National Army were still in southern Sichuan, Guiyang was short of troops at this time.
There were only four regular army regiments in Guiyang and its surroundings.
Chiang Kai-shek, who was supervising the battle, was frightened by the aggressive Red Army and hurriedly dispatched three brigades from Yunnan to Guiyang for support.
However, Chiang Kai-shek never expected that the aggressive Red Army did not attack Guiyang, but bypassed Guiyang and went straight south to Yunnan.
Taking advantage of the time when troops from Yunnan were withdrawn, the Red Army successfully crossed the Jinsha River from Yunnan and finally crossed the Yangtze River to the north to complete the original plan.
The Four Crossings of the Chishui River enabled the Central Red Army to escape the encirclement and blockade of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, shattered Chiang Kai-shek's plan to encircle and annihilate the Red Army, and achieved a decisive and major victory in the Central Red Army's strategic transfer.
This battle preserved and formed the core forces of the Chinese revolution, consolidated Chairman Mao's leadership in the Party and the People's Army, etc.
Example 2: On November 1957, 11, Chairman Mao met with nearly 17 Chinese students and interns studying in Moscow in the Great Hall of Moscow University.
Chairman Mao said in his speech.
"The world is yours, and it is ours, but in the final analysis, it is still yours."
"You young people are full of vigor and vitality, like the sun at eight or nine o'clock in the morning. You are in your prime. Our hope rests on you."
Chairman Mao's words have aroused strong resonance among an entire generation of Chinese people and have had a profound impact.